Introduction of Martindale Abrasion Tester

Nowadays, we often find that small holes appear in newly-purchased clothes after several laundries or wearing. Our clothes even become worn as long as we fall for the first time. However, some clothes can still keep good in wearability although they have been used for a long time with faded color. So what is the secret? It has to do with the abrasion resistance test of textiles.


The abrasion resistance has a direct influence on durability and the using effect of textile products. In addition, the usage efficiency of textiles, a crucial indicator used to assess the quality of fabric products, can be improved with the help of the test for abrasion resistance. Manufacturers of textiles or brand entrepreneurs will undoubtedly be motivated to boost their businesses by making durable and consumer-satisfying products. Therefore, the test for textile abrasion resistance must be conducted prior to the shipment of the textiles.


The textile abrasion resistance testing machine is to determine and assess the degree of abrasion and wear of the textiles subject to repeated mechanical friction. And the wear is mainly manifested in the following aspects: breakage, quality reduction, color fading, pilling, and so on. There are many kinds of instruments for testing textile abrasion resistance, among which the Martindale Abrasion Tester is the most commonly used in factories and laboratories.


What is the Martindale Abrasion Tester?

The Martindale Abrasion Tester is a testing instrument that is designed following the principle of J.G. Martindale and the specifications of the Wool Industry Research Association. Besides, it is used to test the degree of the textile abrasion or pilling resistance by taking standard wool felt as the rubber to rub the test sample such as cloth. And we can also change the rubber, such as sandpaper, to respond to various test methods and requirements. Driven by vertical and horizontal eccentric wheels, the testing sample is mounted on a cylinder with a standard weight, pressed on the rubber, and moves on the trajectory of Lissajous to complete the multi-directional abrasion test.


How to measure textile abrasion by the Martindale Abrasion Tester?

Abrasion shows up as a change in the shape of textiles, mostly as breakage, a loss of quality, and visual modifications such as discoloration and pilling. Three factors are typically considered when measuring the fabric's abrasion resistance: appearance changes, sample breaking, and mass loss.


Evaluation of appearance changes: under a certain load, the specimen in the jig is rubbed against the grinding material complying with the trajectory of Lissajous curve plane movement, and the abrasion resistance testing of the fabric is determined by appearance changes of the specimen before and after rubbing.


Determination of mass loss: under a certain load, the specimen in the jig is rubbed against the grinding material following the trajectory of the Lissajous curve plane movement. And finally, the abrasion resistance is determined by the difference in mass before and after rubbing when the specimen is rubbed a specific number of times.


Assessment of specimen breakage: under a certain load, the specimen is rubbed against the grinding material in the fixture according to the trajectory of the Lissajous curve plane movement. Finally, judging from the overall amount of friction when it becomes worn, we can determine the abrasion resistance of textiles.


Among them, the first test method is more commonly used as it provides intuitive data and convincing references. The common testing equipment is often used to calculate the number of wear cycles that makes the material worn to a specific degree by taking 5000 times as a cycle. 

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